Pioglitazone corrects dysregulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP synthesis in type 2 diabetes

Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis and Glucose Transport/Phosphorylation in Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND Muscular insulin resistance is frequently characterized by blunted increases in glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) reflecting impaired glucose transport/phosphorylation. These abnormalities likely relate to excessive intramyocellular lipids and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that alterations in insulin action and mitochondrial function should be present even in nonobese patients...

Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function/Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of raising muscle glycogen synthesis rate on skeletal muscle ATP turnover rate in type 2 diabetes

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that any impairment in insulin-stimulated muscle ATP production could merely reflect the lower rates of muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, rather than cause it. If this is correct, muscle ATP turnover rates in type 2 diabetes could be increased if glycogen synthesis rates were normal...

Short-Term Exercise Training Does Not Stimulate Skeletal Muscle ATP Synthesis in Relatives of Humans With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise training improves hereditary insulin resistance by stimulating ATP synthesis and investigated associations with gene polymorphisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 24 nonobese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects at rest and 48 h after three bouts of exercise. In addition to measurements o...

Synthesis rate of muscle proteins, muscle functions, and amino acid kinetics in type 2 diabetes.

Improvement of glycemic status by insulin is associated with profound changes in amino acid metabolism in type 1 diabetes. In contrast, a dissociation of insulin effect on glucose and amino acid metabolism has been reported in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients are reported to have reduced muscle oxidative enzymes and VO(2max). We investigated the effect of 11 days of intensive insulin t...